Graduate from Plastic

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PLASTICS CAN BE A TRICKY MATTER. They appear in a huge variety of forms and can pervade some of your most prosaic daily routines. And to make the situation more complicated, some plastics may be relatively safe for your home, while others can pose environmental and health risks.

Thankfully, however, not all plastics are created equal. Some are more recyclable than others; some outgas less. Better yet, strides are being made toward “green plastics” made from natural ingredients such as cellulose, starch, and collagen.

But until earth-friendly plastics are more widely available, what’s a homeowner to do? Determining the differences among plastics can be quite a challenge. Knowing where, in what form, and for what uses plastics can materialize can help you decide what conveniences to keep around your home and what to boot out the door. We asked several environmental experts to guide us through the gray areas. Here’s a room-by-room look at the plastics we can live with—and without.

Kitchen

“Getting plastic out of your home is an excellent goal, but it’s really, really hard to do,” says environmental health consultant Peggy Wolff. “I certainly have some plastic in my home. It is just practical.”

But when it comes to plastic and food, Wolff is quick to draw the line. “It leaches into the food,” she explains. “The softer the plastic and the warmer the food, the more leaching there is.”

Different plastics use different additives, some more benign than others. The plasticizers used for PVC, especially phthalates such as DEHP, are very bad. That’s why Wolff never puts hot food in plastic, opts for kitchen accessories such as blenders with glass components, and freezes food in glass containers. “People aren’t used to using glass in the freezer,” Wolff says. “They always think it’s going to break. The main problem where things tend to break is when you’re defrosting them.” To guard against this breaking, she suggests, try defrosting in the refrigerator.

If you must use plastic, keep in mind that the softer the plastic, the more readily chemicals will leach out. And nothing encourages leaching like heat. “Most people are putting their food in plastic containers in a microwave, and we really don’t know what the interaction between food and plastic is,” Wolff says. “Food and plastic, that’s just the worst combination.”

Lynn Bower, author of Creating a Healthy Household (Healthy House Institute, 2000), also uses glass, wax paper, and aluminum foil for food storage. “Cellophane is brittle, but it is very good,” Bower says. “In some circumstances it works just as well as plastic and sometimes even better. And it’s biodegradable.”